Why Do Cancer Types Differ by Country and Race? The complex relationship between genes and environmental factors
編集長Introduction.
Cancer types vary widely by country and race. For example, stomach cancer, which is more common in Japan, is not so common in the West. On the other hand, breast cancer and prostate cancer, which are common in Europe and the United States, have been on the rise in Japan in recent years. Why do these differences occur? In this article, we will explore the factors that contribute to the different types of cancer, both genetic and environmental factors.
Relationship between Aging and Cancer
Cancer is a disease whose risk of developing increases with age. As a result, the number of cancer patients is increasing in Japan's aging society. However, it cannot be simply attributed to aging alone. This is because even in countries with the same aging population, the types and incidence rates of cancer differ.
Differences in cancer types by country and race
Japan: Stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer are the most common types of cancer.
U.S.A.: Breast, prostate, and lung cancers are most common.
Australia: Skin cancer (malignant melanoma) is very common.
Why are there different types of cancer?
- genetic differences
Genetic diversity among races: There are slight differences in genes (genetic polymorphisms) between different races. These genetic polymorphisms may influence the risk of developing certain cancers.
Epigenetics: Epigenetics, the process of altering gene function, is also involved in the development of cancer. Environmental factors may alter epigenetics and increase the risk of certain cancers.
- differences in environmental factors
Dietary habits: Japanese people traditionally consume a diet rich in fish and vegetables. On the other hand, in the West, a meat-based diet is common. Differences in dietary habits are thought to influence the risk of developing gastric and colorectal cancer.
Lifestyle: Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise also greatly affect the risk of developing cancer.
Environmental Pollution: Environmental pollutants such as air and water pollution are also thought to be involved in the development of cancer.
Ultraviolet light: Ultraviolet light increases the risk of developing malignant melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Areas with high UV radiation, such as Australia, have higher rates of skin cancer.
Conclusion
The type of cancer is determined by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In addition to genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, environmental pollution, and many other factors combine to increase the risk of developing cancer.
Future Prospects
Elucidating the mechanisms of why cancer types vary by country and race is expected to lead to the development of more effective cancer prevention and treatment methods. Further detailed studies are expected to be conducted in the future through advances in gene analysis technology and large-scale epidemiological surveys.
